Gun Control Is A Topic That Has Created Many Discussions

Gun control is a topic that has created many discussions in the story to those who can carry them or not since the US is one of the countries where access to all individuals is allowed without the due restrictions. Because of this, every day is more devastating when we hear about a massacre. Unfortunately, America has become in a little time in the country that leads the list of countries where more violent success occurred due to what is happening to our society. America s gun problem is completely unique. First place in gun violence worldwide. It occupies the sixth place in gun homicide. The US by far the highest number of privately-owned guns in the world despite being a minority. Guns grow in an incredible way that goes from domestic†¦show more content†¦According to David Hemenway, the injury control Research center director wrote in private, public health, more guns are equal more deaths. A lamentable fact was the case of an armed man who opened fire in an airport taki ng the life of five people. At the same, he had been confiscated his firearm since it had presented signs of the traumas product of its military services rendered to the war. In spite of this, the firearm was returned to him a month later. In spite of all the efforts in which the government has procured to face this situation still, this is the day that no agreement has been reached since there are opposing interests of both those who support the idea that owning firearms is safer and on the other hand those who are against. Due to strong threats that major powers such as Russia and China have developed nuclear weapons that could be used as weapons of war. That is why on two occasions the US Senate has proposed to monitor more rejected for lack of support for such a proposal. Although there are about 1000 on the list of citizens are seated from the database of suspected terrorist. At present everyone has the right to own a firearm unless it is revoked by the government due to a federal crime. According to the second amendment of the US regarding the property of firearms. Armed control has been a controversial issue in politics. The gun lobby asShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Shootings Shooting And The 2012 Aurora Shoot ing973 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of gun controlled is framed. One, gun control is depicted through a constitutional frame that represents the problem as an issue involving constitutional claims to support less strict gun laws and second, gun control is represented through the lens as a public health frame where the issue is seen as focusing on health and safety risks to society. Figure 2 (shown above) illustrates a comprehensive numerical analysis of how articles in three selective years relate to the two frames created by frameRead MoreThe Right to Bear Arms1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States the right to own a gun is enshrined by the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The text of the Second Amendment reads: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (Adams, 2004). The founding fathers borrowed this idea from Niccolo Machiavelli, the Italian thinker. He wrote about the weapons necessary for freedom to defend themselves, to hunt, and to protect the stateRead MoreGun Control And The Constitution Of The Nation1509 Words   |  7 PagesWayne LaPierre, a gun rights advocate and executive vice president of the National Rifle Association, said, â€Å"The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.† Gun control is laws that regulate the sale and possession of firearms. These laws have become a more prominent discussion due to crime, and they attempt to reduce violence. Many countries have some sort of gun control, but the United States have different rules for each state. The United Kingdom have some of the strictestRead MoreGuns : The Root Of All Violence?1678 Words   |  7 PagesGUNS: THE ROOT OF ALL VIOLENCE? The United States has fought many wars in its history and continues to fight at home. Although there has not been an actual war in our mainland since the American Civil War of 1861, our longest war has been within our communities and laws, an enduring war against guns and its violence. The noise of gunshots may sound different in a military warzone between nations, radical groups or in a civil war; however, a similar outcome subsists, the loss of lives caused by manRead MoreThe Problem Of The Gun Violence Problem1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gun Violence Problem There have been 46 school shootings so far this year, with an average of about one a week. This is an absolutely mind blowing statistic., Nno other countries in the world have such a major problem. (Carissimo). I aimed to pursue this broad problem, and to discover why the U.S. has such a problem with mass shootings. and I wondered if there a way to fix this permeating issue or will it continue to eat away at America. How many more lives will be lost until, we as a countryRead MoreThe, Concealed Gun And Concealed Guns On Campus1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"concealed gun† refers to any deadly gun that is carried on or about a person. Allowing students and faculty on college campuses to carry loaded, concealed guns could lead to an elevation in crime, increase the potential for unintentional injury, permit a fast-acting dangerous person easier access to a weapon, and ultimately disregards beneficence. Being allowed to carry concealed guns on campus will not only put s tudents and faculty in danger, but everyone who happens to be on the collegeRead MoreGun Rights And Issues Of The United States1558 Words   |  7 Pages Gun Rights and Issues The second amendment states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†. As stated in the Wikipedia cite focused on the second amendment, â€Å"The right to bear arms is the people s right to have their own arms for their defense†. Breaking the exact amendment down in to pieces is as simple as that, but yet throughout our world so many citizens have different thoughtsRead MoreSociological Reflection1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthan just the study of sociology. It displays a plethora of sub topics such as: crime, deviance, bureaucracy, culture, criminality, socialization, economy, politics, religion, education, social class and many more. Throughout this fall semester this sociology course has taught me things that I could never imagine. To be more specific there were actually ten topics that I learned in this course that was very important to me. Those topics wer e: crime, deviance, bureaucracy, nature of science, philosophyRead MoreGun Violence On College Campuses1204 Words   |  5 PagesWith the recent history of gun violence on college campuses, questions have been raised on how incidents like these can best be prevented. One proposed solution is allowing firearms to be carried on campuses. With many states passing the open carry law, the topic of guns on campus has become a major issue; however, there are many reasons to why allowing guns to be carried on campus would not help prevent situations like these. A college campus is a place where individuals of different maturity levelsRead MoreThe Second Amendment Protects Citizens2347 Words   |  10 Pagesarms. This constitutional provision has brought forth positive and negative implications on social life in the US. The implication of the law is that every person deemed fit under the law is allowed to buy guns of all types and ammunition without limitation. This is a controversial con cept in modern democracy. Guns are the cause of most violent crimes and lead to the death of millions around the world. Every war that has been fought in the 20th and 21st centuries has led to investments of billions in

Case Study Bachelor s Capstone For Human Services

Unit Nine Assignment: Jorge Edward Jacobs HN499: Bachelor s Capstone for Human Services Kaplan University 4/7/2015 Our agency assists low income seniors living on fixed incomes with mental health services. Our services include screenings for depression, dementia, and early onset of Alzheimer’s. We also provide mental health counseling services for grieving widows and work towards reconnecting individuals with support services in the community. Jorge is a 67 year old Hispanic male and is recently widowed. He was born and raised in Mexico City before immigrating to the United States when he was in his early twenties. He worked as a factory line assembler in Chicago, Illinois for his entire adult life and earned his citizenship through The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. He is a practicing Catholic and attended Spanish speaking services regularly up until the recent loss of his wife. Jorge now lives alone, and depends on his Social Security Income (SSI) and Medicare to maintain affordable senior housing in an independent living facility. His grown children live out of state and provide some emotional and financial support. He was referred to our agency after a well-being check by a concerned neighbor. Presenting Problem Since the death of his wife, Jorge has become isolated and alienated from his community. He has lost interest in religious and cultural activities and stopped participating in activities of daily living (ADL’S). He feelsShow MoreRelatedHomelessness, Housing And Or Child Welfare1313 Words   |  6 PagesDo you have at least 5 years Human Services experience in the areas of homelessness, housing and/or child welfare? Yes No *2. Tell us about your experience in Human Services, in each of the areas below: (a) homelessness (b) housing (c) child welfare (d) racial equity (if any) (a) homelessness - I’ve worked serving the homeless in many capacities that encompass my experiences a Social Worker, a Volunteer Guardian ad Litem (VGAL), and a Volunteer at Teen Hope. I’ve also frequently workRead MorePaul Smith’s College Capstone Project Handbook11148 Words   |  45 PagesPAUL SMITH’S COLLEGE CAPSTONE PROJECT HANDBOOK Table of Contents Section I General Information Capstone Project Mentor Responsibilities Sample of Capstone Mentor Agreement Capstone Project Journal Format Preparation and Guidelines for the Capstone Project Proposal APA Format for Citations References Guidelines for Funding Capstone Projects Guidelines for Capstone Project Written Report Suggestions for Oral Presentations Format for Mini-Abstracts 2-6 7-8 9 10 11 - 16 17 - 21 22 – 23 24 - 29 30 -Read MoreProject Management9882 Words   |  40 PagesNT2799.U1.HO1 Review of Capstone Project Purpose: The goal of this project is to show that you can demonstrate communication skills in the business and professional environment; apply research methods and tools to solve problems; demonstrate foundational IT literacy and competencies; apply industry standards to networking solutions; evaluate technical aspects of systems software, hardware, and services; and design, configure, and deliver network systems. Course Objectives and LearningRead MoreExploring How Employee Empowerment Impacts on Hotel Front Desk Operations7719 Words   |  31 PagesUNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 4-1-2011 Exploring how Employee Empowerment Impacts on Hotel Front Desk Operations Janggon Kim University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation Kim, Janggon, Exploring how Employee Empowerment Impacts on Hotel Front Desk Operations (2011). UNLV Theses/ Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 1058. http://digitalcommons.library.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1058 This Professional Paper is brought to you for freeRead MoreWorkplace Violence10377 Words   |  42 PagesUNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 5-1-2002 Workplace violence: A case study Robert F. White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation White, Robert F., Workplace violence: A case study (2002). UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 522. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/522 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses/Read MoreThe Influence of Human Capital on Company Performance: a Preliminary Study of Telekom Malaysia10856 Words   |  44 PagesInfluence of Human Capital on Company Performance: A Preliminary Study of Telekom Malaysia http://jis.uum.edu.my Mohamad Hanapi Mohamad Universiti Utara Malaysia Mazlan Ismail Telekom Malaysia Background The telecommunication industry has entered a very competitive environment for the past few decades and the industry has been deregulated. The Malaysian government has established a vision to be a developed nation by year 2020 and the deregulation of telecommunication services is one of theRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 Pagesï‚ · Member of Finance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA Nanyang Technological University Singapore Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Engineering) and Minor in Business, June 2006 ï‚ · Awarded full scholarship (among top 50 from over 10,000 candidates) ï‚ · Received First Class Honors (top degree distinction, GPA: 3.95). Dean s list holder (among top 5%) ï‚ · President of NTU Apex Club (premier club for computer programming enthusiasts); spearheaded initiative to extendRead MoreEmployee Productivity Is The Backbone Of Any Enterprise3956 Words   |  16 Pagescompanies in the technology sector are facing the challenges of employee productivity and are initiating actions toward performance management (Axilrod, 2015) to â€Å"†¦focus†¦ on the performance of employees and [ensure] their output aligns with the company s goals† (para. 2). A recent survey by Deloitte University Press (2015) demonstrates the current trend of the importance of performance management efforts to improve employee productivity. According t o the research comparing the years 2014 and 2015Read MoreBusiness Plan for Wash Dry and Guard Detailing Essay examples15667 Words   |  63 PagesBUSINESS PLAN FOR WASH DRY AND GUARD DETAILING Bachelors Capstone Final Project Elizabeth M. Towler MT499-01 Professor Ernest Norris Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary (Business Description) 2 Section 2: Code of Conduct 7 Section 3: Marketing Plan (Strategy and SWOT) 11 Section 4: Operations 16 Section 5: Finance 22 Section 6: Cash Flow Analysis 28 Section 7: InformationRead MoreInternet Security14081 Words   |  57 Pagesrecommendations we put forward are implementable within a reasonable time-frame and reasonable cost-range, based on your operational needs. Our Mission: To exceed client-expectations at every stage of the process by providing exceptional service and assuring, through innovation and industry best practices, the most effective solutions. 2. Project Team Staffing Brandon Moore IT Security Consultants, Inc. CEO Brandon Moore is the CEO and co-founder of IT Security Consultants,

Tinker vs. Des Moines. Free Essays

One quiet day in the 1960’s 3 Des Moines students were wrongly punished for protesting the Vietnam War by wearing black arm bands to school. The school officials believed that the armbands would cause a huge disturbance and be a very big distraction to the student body. The students were then suspended. We will write a custom essay sample on Tinker vs. Des Moines. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The student’s first amendment right had been violated. This right gives us the freedom of expression, to sum it all up, as long as others are not in danger. The staff was quick to punish these students, who were only exercising their rights. I believe that the students that were involved in this case did not deserve to be punished because; in wearing armbands, the petitioners were quiet and passive. They were not disruptive and did not interfere with the rights of others. Therefore, their conduct was within the protection of the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth. Also, â€Å"First Amendment rights are available to teachers and students, subject to application in light of the special characteristics of the school environment. † (http://caselaw. p. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=usvol=393invol=503) Also, I believe that they did not deserve to be punished because; under our Constitution, free speech is not a right that is given only to be so restricted that it exists in principle but not in reality. Freedom of expression would not truly exist if the right could be exercised only in an area that a charitable government has provided as a safe haven for crack pots! The Constitution says that Congress (or anyone else, for that matter) may not deprive anyone the right to free speech. You see, the thing is we properly read it to permit reasonable regulation of speech-connected activities in carefully restricted circumstances. But we do not confine the permissible exercise of First Amendment rights to a telephone booth or the four corners of a pamphlet. Lastly, I believe that students were wrongly treated because; â€Å"The constitutionality of the school authorities’ action was on the ground that it was reasonable in order to prevent disturbance of school discipline. † (258 F. Supp. 971 1966). The court referred to but declined to follow the Fifth Circuit’s holding in a similar case that, the wearing of symbols like the armbands cannot be prohibited unless it â€Å"materially and substantially interferes with the requirements of appropriate discipline in the operation of the school. † (Burnside v. Byars, 1966). In conclusion, The Students in this case were wrongly punished due to the fact that their first amendment right protected their freedom of expression. The pupils should not have been suspended just because of their difference in political views, and their courage to express them. How to cite Tinker vs. Des Moines., Essay examples

Responses To Overcoming Resistance To Change-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organizational Culture And Responses To Overcoming Resistance To Change? Answer: Introducation Organizational culture comprises an organization's assumptions, experiences, thoughts, and values that grasp it jointly, and is conveyed in its self-esteem, internal workings, companionship with the external world and succeeding expectations (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). It is established on the split attitudes, opinions, customs, and recorded and unrecorded regulations that have been evolved over time and are contemplate valid.However, it influences the organization's work rate and performance, and dispenses recommendation on customer care and assistance, quality of the product and protection, presence and punctuality, and responsibility for the environment (Alvesson, 2012). To banish the resistance to change in an organization one can construct the team to make the best use of their potentials, challenging, achievable and appealing target must be must for the employees, conflicts must be solved faster, innovations and creativity must be entitled along with being positive and supportive. This report deals with the literature review of the chosen topic Organizational culture and responses to overcoming resistance to change. The appeal for the theory of Organizational Culture has been far, developing by a theory of heuristic. In an example, it has formulated exploration inspecting Muslim employees by Alkhazraji (1997), law imposition officers by Frewin and Tuffin (1998), and pregnant workers by Halpert and Burg (1997). Yet more pertinent is in leading education, the theories have been utilized to investigate the tales of undergraduate students and their insights of "fitting in" at a university or college done by Kramer and Berman (2001). The attitude is also functional as much of the guidance from the theory like the symbols, stories, and rituals has straight relevance to numerous dissimilar kinds of organizations and their workers. Since the theoretician work is built on actual organizations with authentic workers, the researcher worker have frame the hypothesis further functional and empirical. Finally, the theory of Organizational Culture might vision organizational existence as over distinctive. Paca nowsky and O'Donnell-Trujillo assert that cultures in an organization vary as the interactions inside the cultures diverge, so generality about existence in an organization, which is almost unmanageable (Shafritz, Ott Jang, 2015). The change in organizational structure and culture is unavoidable because of the continual development in the technology, customers, market, pressures from both social and political forums as well as the characteristics of the demography. Resistance to change is a psychological and physiological response by the influenced workers to authentic or imagined dangers to an accepted work routine (Cummings Worley, 2014).Various researches have been done on this particular area of Organizational culture and responses to overcoming resistance to change. However, few are discussed in this section. In a research article by Lozano(2013), the article named Are Companies planning their Organizational Changes for Corporate Sustainability? An Analysis of Three Case Studies on Resistance to Change and their Strategies to overcome it, he stated here that corporations and leaders are growingly acknowledgingtheir roles in building society further sustainable. His article examines the efforts of organizational change for corporate sustainability (CS) taking three case studies. In the result, it was established that CS operator catalyze alter against being the unsustainable status quo (SQ) regarding further sustainable affairs. Obstacle to adjust normally checks these attempts. In another article of Hon, Bloom and Crant (2014), named Overcoming Resistance to Change and Enhancing Creative Performance, in the study the researcher tried to grow and experiment a cross level model of independent creativity, combining resistance to change and three human resource surrounding components to abate the relationships of the individuals. The researcher studies the capabilities of three discourse components that are essential parts of the procedure of creativity, they are styles of leadership, modernity climate, and the coworkers attributes for assisting managers conquer this dispute. The outcome suggests those three surrounding variables decrease the contrary relationship betwixt resistance to change and creativity. The marking of the outcome signify that controlling the human resource applications may alleviate damaging results of resistance to change on creativity. Battilana and Casciaro (2013), in their study named Overcoming Resistance to Organizational Change: Strong Ties and Affective Cooptation the researcher puts an emphasis on relational hypothesis of how altered agents in a company utilize the power of ties in there system to beat the resistance to change. It further argued that powerful binds of potentially authoritative company members who are uncertain about a change.With additional different modifies the benefits of powerful bind to resistors resulting to the modification agent are feeble, and may revolve into responsibilities that lessen the probability of change in assumption. The data analysis from the case studies in the United Kingdom further encourages these forecasts and precedes a relative outlook of organizational change in which social networking function as device of political impact across emotive mechanism. In a journal of Organizational change management, the article named A theoretical framework of Organizational change by Jacobs, Witteloostuijn and Christe-Zeyse(2013). They proposed that organizational change is a high-risk attempt. Majority of the change capabilities fall short on their aims, make big opportunity, and technique cost. In this paper, the authors viewed to evolve a structure providing a theoretical toolbox to examine context-dependent obstacles as well as facilitators of modifications in organization. Findings of this study further suggest that change in organization is dangerous and versatile than change founders generally assumes. It is emphasized that outermost habitat and the inner dynamics of organizations co-determine the definition of managerial executions. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model by Hogan and Coote(2014), stated that innovation is the essential for survival in organization and hence the research of procedures that help innovation must be interesting to researchers and practitioners. Schein's model of multi-layeredfor culture in organization provides a useful structure for reasoning about procedures that encourage innovation. The fundamental supposition for this research is that Schein's model provides a controllable clarification of cultural procedures, which brace innovations in organization, mainly in service business. The result however signifies that how coatings of organizational culture, especially norms, relics, and original conducts, partly arbitrate the results of ethics that assist innovation on assessment of business performance. The results have suggestions for both theory and practice, mostly in association to constructing an organizational culture inside professional s ervice business that encourages novel conduct. Mills(2017), in studying the Gendering of Organizational Culture over Time: Concerns, Issues, and Strategies emphasized on the issues of scrutinizing the culture of organizations by the time, starting a manifestation of how the social establishment of corporate history has till today added itself to gendered beliefs of applications in the business. This research further contours a feminist policy for the evaluation of the culture of the organization. In another article named Authentic leadership and organizational culture as drivers of employees job satisfaction by Azanza, Moriano and Molero(2013), stated that in recent times of competitive economy a great value is provided by the support and innovation from the advancement of a pliability oriented organizational culture. The result of this study stated that genuine leadership partly arbitrates the favorable relationship among the pliability-oriented cultures in organizations and job satisfaction of the employees. These results promo te theory on the combination of cultures in organizations in genuine leadership research and supply suggestions for improvising the job satisfaction of the employees. Lastly, according to the study of Courpasson, Dany and Clegg (2012), in their article Resisters at Work: Generating Productive Resistance in the Workplace acknowledged the transformative aspects of resistance in the organization. Further resistance is however viewed as an adversarial and hostile activity that administration can undertake or dismiss. Thus, apprehending how resistance can literally effect workplace alterations can stay challenging for research. This paper offers an inspection of two conditions of resistance in which resisters, systematized in interim enclaves, able to effect top administrative decisions and create ultimate change. Whether resistance becomes fruitful or not it rely on the skilled efforts of resisters and the formation of strong objects of resistance which authorize resisters to adapt shortly the potential layout of a condition and constrain topmost management to attend to their requests and indulge to the recent layouts. It further states that resistanc e could better described by what resisters does to attain their ends preferably than by perceiving resistance as a firm opposition linking irreconcilable adversaries. To conclude the essay it can be said that organizational culture is mainly the assumptions, beliefs, thoughts, and values that are jointly griped, and is transported in its self-confidence, inner workings and its relation with the external world and succeeding expectations. However, it enhances the productivity and performance of the employees.Due to the continuous developments, changes in organizational structure and culture is becoming unavoidable. The chosen topic is Organizational culture and responses to overcoming resistance to change have various different researches among which few are stated here as reviewing the literature. The majority of the works are found based on the resistance of change in different organizational cultures and few about the effects that the cultures in organizations are facing. The theory of organizational culture states that it is developing in a theory of heuristics. This organizational culture has a powerful effect on the staffs of the company, whi ch reflects on how they dress, behave and perform their tasks. References Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture.Sage. Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress.Routledge. Azanza, G., Moriano, J. A., Molero, F. (2013). Authentic leadership and organizational culture as drivers of employees job satisfaction.Revista de PsicologadelTrabajo y de lasOrganizaciones,29(2), 45-50. Battilana, J., Casciaro, T. (2013).Overcoming resistance to organizational change: Strong ties and affective cooptation.Management Science,59(4), 819-836. Courpasson, D., Dany, F., Clegg, S. (2012). Resisters at work: Generating productive resistance in the workplace.Organization Science,23(3), 801-819. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change.Cengage learning. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014).Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), 919-941. Jacobs, G., van Witteloostuijn, A., Christe-Zeyse, J. (2013).A theoretical framework of organizational change.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(5), 772-792. Lozano, R. (2013). Are companies planning their organisational changes for corporate sustainability? An analysis of three case studies on resistance to change and their strategies to overcome it.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(5), 275-295. Mills, A. J. (2017). Studying the Gendering of Organizational Culture over Time: Concerns, Issues, and Strategies?.InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 71-91). Emerald Publishing Limited. Shafritz, J. M., Ott, J. S., Jang, Y. S. (2015).Classics of organization theory.Cengage Learning.

American Government In Contrast To Lao-Tzu And Machiavelli Essays

American Government In Contrast To Lao-Tzu And Machiavelli Peter Ryan Welch 382-92-3692 February 6, 2001 Dr. Allegra Blake, ENG 201 American Government in Contrast to Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli In comparing and contrasting the governmental philosophies of the great thinkers Lao-Tzu and Machiavelli, I have found a pleasant mix of both of their ideas would be the best for America today. Lao-Tzus laisse-faire attitude towards the economy, as well as his small scale military is appealing to my liberal side, while Machiavellis attitude towards miserliness which causes low taxes appeals to the right wing. These great thinkers contradict the popular saying all great thinkers think alike. They have several ideas, such as taxes, that are the same, while other ideas, like the involvement of government in citizens' everyday lives are totally opposite. I shall start with the ideas of Machiavelli, then move on to Lao-Tzus, and finally a comparison and application into American life. Niccolo Machiavelli believes in a strong government. The leader should be strong and feared. I believe he gets this idea from the fear of God; no one is supposed to question God because he is so feared, and in the same sense, no one should question a strong leader. Machiavelli realizes that the leader should be feared, but not hated. A hated leader will probably be killed in a rebellion. One also can not be loved. Any compassion towards your citizens will make them believe you are weak, and they will rebel. He thinks a very strong military is necessary at all times, and that powerful arms should be available and in hand. This idea is similar to that of right wing America and our friends, the National Rifle Association, who believe assault rifles are Americas pastime. The nation should always be prepared for war, and should always be searching for new lands to conquer. This is much like our cold war with the USSR and the new lands to conquer would be anything Communist. These wars sho uld go on without high taxes. High taxes as well cause rebellion. Case in point: the high taxes levied against America by the British, as well as other strong factors, led to the American revolution. He believes a government should be miserly with its own goods. That is not to say you cant steal the goods of conquered countries and be liberal with them. Try not to be too generous, however. A quote I once read says remember to pillage before you burn. This reminds me a lot of the ideas of Machiavelli. According to him, one should say one thing just to make the people happy, and do another. He believes one should only keep his word if it is for the benefit of the nation. Six words: read my lips, no new taxes, come to mind. George H.W. Bush said these words, but acted differently. Machiavellian? Maybe. Bush shortly after had the largest tax hike in the nation's history to try to save us from the worst recession since the Great Depression. I believe this is the sort of thing Machiavelli is talking about. Do whatever you can to keep the people happy, but when it comes down to it, what makes them happy may not be best for the state as a whole. He believes that people are generally bad and greedy, so they will take whatever you give them. Lao-Tzu is not exactly polar opposite of Machiavelli, although he is close. He believes that man in a state of nature is generally good and not greedy. What makes man greedy is overemphasis on material objects, and if you let a man go free in nature, he will be good. Lao-Tzu believes in a state of peace; war is not necessary. Lao-Tzu thinks decent men detest weapons. Weapons are only needed when entirely necessary, in a state of defense. This is sort of a liberal point of view of war. He states violence, even well intentioned, always rebounds upon itself, therefore, any attack upon another country will result in an attack upon yourself. As far as the scale of government, he is rather conservative and would side with the American Republican party, believing a smaller, more unnoticed government is better. When the Master

Intersubjectivity

Intersubjectivity (Kahneman Tversky, 1979). Taking Israel as a case study, through media coverage of these indicators, to public opinion, and finally, individuals voting intentions and aggregate voting behavior, the last two are rather new in agenda-setting and priming research, especially in research concentrating on political parties that is conducted in a natural setting. Analyses of four national election campaigns are included (1996, 1999, 2001, and 2003). This was a dramatic period, in which, among many other events, a prime minister was assassinated, the peace process with the Palestinians fell, the second Intifada, the Palestinian uprising, erupted and the national economy was tottering on the verge of collapsing. Although they rely heavily on the media, most Israelis have direct experience with the worsening security and economic real-world conditions. For example, almost 4,000 Israeli civilians and soldiers (out of about 6.6 million Israelis) were killed or injured in numerous terrorist at tacks within Israel and in fighting against the Palestinians in the year preceding the 2003 election. The media, alternatively, may get involved only casually and discontinuously in public affairs and even remain ill-mannered on the details. Those who have already made up their minds, the effects are destabilized. News media does not have the prowess to invent or cover up problems, but only modify the alertness, priorities and salience people fix to a set of problems. Not enough research has been done. Incomplete and inconclusive research in establishing an underlying connection between public salience and media coverage is lacking. Inadequate research in the dominion of modern forms of news media like social websites has not been fully integrated in the models to perceive the magnitude of influence it has on people. What is apparently detectable is that, "In an effort to survive, traditional newsrooms have embraced newsroom blogs as an alternative vehicle for news delivery."(Hamm, 1998). Until now, there is continuity in social-economic and this is between the users of modern forms of news media and those who dont. In summation, there are resemblances and interconnections between agenda setting, priming, and framing, but they are not matching approaches. Framing studies have, by a large magnitude outdone both agenda setting and priming studies in reputation throughout the past decade; although framing has not been properly conceptualized and defined like the other two seem to be.

Buy to Let Investment Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Buy to Let Investment Market - Assignment Example This paper will focus on four areas of the buy to let marketplace: explanation of the taxes a property investor will be subjected to, how the property investor can minimize their capital gains tax liability through careful tax planning, how to be careful not to attract an investigation by the Inland Revenue, and, the tax benefits of setting up a property company to save property tax. There are a variety of taxes that the investor will be required to consider when investing in buy to let properties including: stamp duty and inheritance tax. There are some taxes that can be reclaimed against the tax on rents for buy to let properties such as "costs of maintenance, such as insurance, cleaning, gardening, agent's commission and other reasonable management expenses (but not home improvements) and a wear and tear allowance of 10% of the rents received may be deductible." (Alan Harvey, 2006) liable when, land or residential property is purchased where where the purchase price is above 60,000, or where it is transferred and the outstanding mortgage amount is greater than 60,000. The rates of stamp duty vary between 1% for properties less than 250,000 and 4% for properties over 500,000. It is also worth noting that there are certain areas that are exempt from stamp duty, where the property is purchased for less than 150,000. (Weller and McTernan, 2006) if at the timeThe other tax that the investor will be responsible is inheritance tax which is commonly referred to as the 'gift' or 'death tax'. Weller and McTernan (2006) explain the inheritance tax: if at the time of your death you pass on part or the whole of your estate then again the inheritor could be liable to pay Inheritance Tax. There is currently an IHT threshold level of 263,000 for the 2004-2005 tax year. Anything above this amount is taxed at 40% i.e. at the highest rate. This means that if at the time of death, your whole estate is valued at less than 263,000 then the inheritor will have no tax to pay. (Weller and McTernan, 2006) The two things you can't escape are death and taxes, but, why not make an investment work for the investor. By buying into the buy to let scheme, an investor's main goal is to gain equity buy minimising what they will pay to the Inland Revenue department. The investor's objective is to minimise their capital gains tax liability through careful tax planning. Minimising Capital Gains Tax Capital gains tax is payable "if a property is sold for a higher price that what was paid for it, or when a property or part of a property is transferred to someone who is not your spouse." (Weller and McTernan, 2006). Thus "the capital gain is calculated by deducting the allowable costs and Inland Revenue tax relief's, from the selling price of the property. Examples of allowable costs include, property extensions, purchasing related costs etc." (Weller and McTernan, 2006). As some investors fail to realise that when they sell their property, they could end up paying an extremely large tax bill of anywhere up to 40% of the net profit of the sale of the property.

Hajj The Pilgrimage to Makkah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hajj The Pilgrimage to Makkah - Essay Example When people from all around the world stand in silence and in a row while praying in the mosque, it shows the exhibition of equality and discipline among the Muslims. Hajj is an annual congregation of worship. 2. Lesser pilgrimage is known as the Umra and is commonly referred to as Haj-e-Asghar. Although many acts of worship performed in Umra are those performed in of Hajj, there are certain fundamental differences as Hajj is obligatory, Umra is not. Hajj can only be performed on prescribed dates, but there isn't any time and date fixed for performing Umra. It is undesirable to perform Umra between 9th and 13th of ZilHajj of the Islamic calendar. Umra can be performed individually (while Hajj is performed in groups) and is a shorter course of pilgrimage. 3. Ihram: Pilgrims put on Ihram during the Hajj ritual. They are 2 white sheets of unsown cloth. One sheet is used for covering the lower portion of the body (from the navel downwards) and the other is used for covering the upper portions of the body. Head while remaining uncovered. Ihram for women is their everyday clothes. It is compulsory for women to cover their heads, but no cloth should touch their faces. Before putting on the Ihram the pilgrim should first take a full bath and clean his body thoroughly. He may then put on Ihram and cover his head with some unsown piece of cloth and offer prayers. Ihram is the first and foremost obligation of Hajj.

Compare and contrast leadership and management styles. How does your Essay

Compare and contrast leadership and management styles. How does your answer help create an ethical environment - Essay Example As a function of such a definition, the reader can and should understand the management style as more of a nuts and bolts approach that tends to be somewhat formulaic and rigid whereas leadership engenders the unique ability to mold and integrate with changes as a means of seeking the best path. It is further important to understand that such a level of approach does not specify one or the other must be engaged upon. As such, it is possible and desirable for an individual to accomplish both of these styles of oversight in order to be an effective vehicle for change within a given institution. Although not all individuals can fulfill the requirements of each of these categories, the individual that does is able to see from both perspectives and seek to direct the firm/group/ or entity in the most appropriate way. With regards to ethics, the leadership and management styles play an integral role in determining the priorities of the given individual. One could even argue that ethics violations only spring from management styles if and when the management style is engrained within the company’s culture. This is due to the fact that management styles are almost always formulaic and required attributes that the individual most ascribe to in order to meet the standards of the organization or group he/she is representing to the employees. Conversely, leadership styles fall prey much more easily to ethical violations due to the fact that these are almost always more innately tied to the ability of the individual to incorporate what they heave learned from past experience, as well as their own personality into the change mechanism they are attempting to integrate with. In order to create an ethical environment, it is incumbent upon the culture and oversight mechanisms of the firm to seek to in still a strong level of ethics into the management styles that they engender with the leadership. In such a way, ethical decision making and

The Role of Youth Work in Modern Ireland

The Role of Youth Work in Modern Ireland Introduction The focus of this essay is the role of youth work in modern Ireland, in addition, to providing examples from practice. Youth work can generally be defined as teaching young people in an informal context as it usually occurs out of school and consists of various activities that aim to provide new opportunities for ‘young peoples social development’( Hurley Treacy, 1993). In Ireland, youth work has been regulated and State involvement has been visible under legislations such as Youth Work Act 2001 and the National Youth Work Development Plan 2003-2007 (Burgess Herrman, 2010). Within youth work an individual can volunteer to help young people or can be a paid worker within the field. Throughout history Irish youth work has relied enormously on ‘voluntary effort’ both individual and institutional (Devlin, 2012). This will discuss the role of a volunteer, a paid youth worker, as well as comparing both of these roles. Volunteerism The goal of volunteering is to help individuals, groups, organization, cause, or a community, without expecting any material rewards (Musick Wilson, 2007). Within the realm of youth work the service providers can either be paid or volunteer their time. However, there is much more to a community other than its geographic location, the community, is a ‘social and psychological entity that represents a place, its people, and their interaction’ (Luloff Bridger, 2003; Wilkinson, 1991 cited in Brennan (2007). The majority of youth work in Ireland is voluntary, therefore, the voluntary action and social participation can be viewed as the key to the development of the community (Devlin, 2010) in Ireland volunteerism has been consistent with the youth work policy. Three major factors that contribute to volunteerism is that the service is not compulsory, not paid, and non-statutory (Devlin, 2010). Voluntary youth work organisations are non-statutory an example of this can be seen in youth work organisations that have ‘voluntary management committee’ in comparison to paid ones that are appointed in other organizations (Doran, 2014a). Young people are not required to go to a youth work organization as it is not compulsory which is markedly different from their relationship with the formal education system (Devlin, 2010). There are different types of volunteering such as formal volunteering this consists of a volunteer having direct contact with young people of the service, this is much more directly linked to affluent areas wherein the voluntary youth services, have more volunteers in comparison to paid professionals. According to Doran (2014a), there is an average of ‘50 volunteers to 1 paid professional worker in voluntary services and 6 volunteers to 1 paid professional worker in community youth work projects’ (Doran, 2014a). Whilst there are formal volunteerism there is also informal this usually occurs in disadvantaged areas, and can more often occur when family or friends try to help out a parent or young person. Volunteers also help make aware of issues that are occurring within the community and encourage ‘outreach programs that partner with ongoing voluntary activities’ (Brennan, 2007). Thus, creating a greater result by coordinating efforts between group and may result in meeting young people’s needs. Moreover, volunteering can also create a positive and friendly atmosphere for children as it allows different individuals with an array of skills to feature their many talents and abilities to the youth work setting (Doran, 2014a). Through voluntary efforts young people and volunteers are able to interact with one another and ‘begin to mutually understand common needs’ (Luloff Swanson, 1995 cited in Brennan (2007). Further, this interaction should improve the social, cultural, and psychological needs of younger individuals (Brennan, 2007). Volunteers can also take part in activities within the community such as helping to coach kids sports, field trips, art classes, and mentoring, all of these activities should enhance a young person’s social development. The role of a Youth Worker Youth work in Ireland has become increasingly ‘professionalised over the last decade and has a greater sense of established identity’ (Jenkinson, 2013). Youth work that predominately correlates with paid youth work occurs mainly in disadvantages areas. Furthermore, within disadvantaged areas youth workers participate in a programme known as detached youth work. These programmes allow youth workers to go out and find young people either on the street or youth centres. Youth workers are able to meet young people and grow to develop relationships (Nuffield Foundation, 2008). This service is provided based on mutual trust and developing respect on the young person’s terms e.g. going to a local area at night where young people tend to be. The youth worker will be able to talk to the individuals and assess their needs as the relationship develops workers will be able to reach young people in a comfortable setting. The goal of detached youth work is to build effective re lationships and gain trust. Youth workers act as role models for young people and relationships created supports the personal learning and development of young people (Doran, 2014b).Youth workers now have to work towards an established ‘youth work curriculum’ this is a targeted specified participation rates and evidence of young people’s progression towards and achievement (Nuffield Foundation, 2008). Young people are generally portrayed as a group that are personally or socially lacking in terms ‘of education, morality or even the civilising effects that can only be accessed with the aid youth development worker’ in predominantly disadvantaged area (Belton, 2012). Youth workers have to work with an increasing policy that ‘emphasises targeted, intensive interventions, shaped by a ‘deficit’ model of youth’ (Lee, 2010) The Deficit Model of youth work, reflects a negative perception of young people it is in intended for individuals that are unable to take care of themselves (Lee, 2010). This model presumes that young people are difficult to understand, rebellious, misbehaved and have numerous shortcomings and weaknesses. However, the role of a youth worker should reject the deficit model, and promote a model that emphasises young people as optimistic. Volunteerism and Youth Workers Roles Volunteers and youth workers both work to help and support the community and the welfare of young people. However, while both are working towards a common goal, both fulfill different roles. A youth worker is in charge of doing an array of tasks to assist the youth such delivering programmes and assessing the needs of young people, working within community projects, monitoring and reviewing the quality of the local youth work provision, working with partnerships with professionals from other organisations that support young people such as ‘health, police, education, youth offending teams and local authorities’ (Prospects, n.d.) and drawing up business plans and making formal presentations to funding bodies. These are all significant to continue getting funded so that youth programmes are not ceased, thus, youth workers can continue to provide for young people within the area (Prospects, n.d.). In contrast, volunteers are unpaid and working freely on their own time. Volun teers work primarily face-to-face with the youth and help to provide a safe environment for young people as well as contributing to specific skills that may help young people e.g. social skills. Further, to encourage young people to be socially active and participate within their community. Both of these roles are different yet everyone is working towards helping young people. Conclusion Overall, the main objective of this essay was to describe the role of volunteers and youth workers within modern Ireland. Whilst this essay gave a clear understanding of both volunteers and youth workers it also gave an account of their roles within youth work and their similarities and differences. Thus, concluding that while both roles are different both of these groups are a valuable part of the community and in young people lives. References Belton, B. (2012) Professional Youth Work: A Concept and Strategies. Available at: http://thecommonwealth.org/sites/default/files/events/documents/Professional%20Youth%20Work.pdf. [Accessed 22 November 2014] Brennan, M. A. (2005). Volunteerism and community development: A comparison of factors shaping volunteer behavior in Irish and American communities. (pp.61, 67) Journal of Volunteer Administration, 23(2), 20. Burgess, P., Herrmann, P. (Eds.). (2010). Highways, Crossroads and Cul de Sacs (Vol. 8). (pp.72). BoD–Books on Demand. Devlin, M. (2010) Youth work in Ireland–Some historical reflections. Available at: http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/3063/1/MD_Youth_Work.pdf. [Accessed 22 November 2014] Doran, C. (2014a). Detached Youth Work Lecture: Course Notes. Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. Doran, C. (2014b). Volunteerism: Course Notes. Institute of Technology Blanchardstown. Hurley, L., Treacy, D. (1993). Models of youth work: a sociological framework. (pp.1) Irish YouthWork Press. Jenkinson, Hilary (2013) Youth Work in Ireland – A Decade On, Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies: Vol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 1. Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/ijass/vol13/iss1/1 [Accessed 22 November 2014] Musick, M. A., Wilson, J. (2007). Volunteers: A social profile.(pp.1) Indiana University Press. Lee, F. W. L. (2010). Nurturing Pillars of Society: Understanding and Working with the Young Generation in Hong Kong (Vol. 1).(pp.29-31). Hong Kong University Press. â€Å"Nuffield Review† (2008). Available at:http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/11%20Lessons%20from%20Detached%20Youth%20Work%20Democratic%20Education2.pdf. [Accessed 19 November 2014] Prospects (n.d.) Youth Worker. Available at:http://www.prospects.ac.uk/youth_worker_job_description.htm. [Accessed 14 November 2014] 1

The Fall Of The Roman Empire :: essays research papers fc

The Fall of the Roman Empire For men who had easily endured hardship, danger and difficult uncertainty, leisure and riches, though in some ways desirable, proved burdensome and a source of grief. The causes for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic cannot be attributed to a single event, trend or individual, rather it was due to a combination of all three in varying degrees. The principal and fundamental cause was the breakdown of the political checks and balances, particularly the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This subversion occurred both accidentally and through the subversive behavior of individuals, unconsciously and consciously undermining the fabric of the republic in their quest for power and glory. One substantial outcome of this incapacitation was the emergence of violence as a political means. Once this had occurred the end of the old republic was heralded an autocratic dictatorship was born. The republic was born out of a collapsed monarchy and was specifically geared to prevent a centraliz ation of power. The mechanisms to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a document that outlined the ladder of offices. It demanded, among other things, 10 years of military or legal service before any magistracy could be held, annual election and two years between consecutive offices. This system was designed to ensure that no individual could become too powerful by dividing jurisdiction between several groups and allowing for veto. The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius are often blamed for causing divisions and antagonizing the aristocracy and particularly the senate by introducing laws and legislation that, although promoting egalitarianism for the poor, were catalysts to later breaches of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws enacted without consulting the senate. This weakened the senate's power and started a trend of ignoring the senate that remained until the breakdown. These Graccian reforms included the implementation of a welfare system whereby R omans citizens would be given free corn and the Lex Agraria or land reforms that broke down the latafundia and increased the number of small-scale farms. The welfare corn system not only aroused violent anger from the nobility but also created an urban mob that relied on handouts and later participated in violence. Tiberius Gracchus ran for election to the tribunate for two years consecutively (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct contradiction to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they heard of Tiberius' plan, killed him.

Explanation of Modern Physics

Explanation of Modern Physics While the term â€Å"modern physics† often suggests that all that came before it was incorrect, 20th and 21st century additions to physics simply modified and expanded the phenomena which Newton and his fellow scientists had already contrived. From the mid-1800’s onward, new advances were made in the way of physics, specifically the revolutions of Einstein’s relativity, removing mankind further from the absolute, and quantum mechanics, which replaced certainty with probability. All of this led to an advance in nuclear weaponry, the advancement of laser technology, and the information age of computers.Although it directly contradicted the classical equipartition theorem of energy, black body radiation was one of the first discoveries in modern quantum mechanics. This theorem states that within thermal equilibrium, where each part of the system is the same temperature, each degree of freedom has 12kBT, kB representing the Boltzmann con stant, of thermal energy associated with it, meaning that the average kinetic energy in the translational movement of an object should be equal to the kinetic energy of its rotational motion.By this point, it was known how heat caused the atoms in solids to vibrate and that atoms were patterns of electrical charges, but it was unknown how these solids radiated the energy that they in turn created. Hertz and other scientists experimented with electromagnetic waves, and found that Maxwell’s previous conjectures that electromagnetic disturbances should propagate through space at the speed of light had been correct. This led to the explanation of light itself as an electromagnetic wave.From this observation, it was assumed that as a body was heated, the atoms would vibrate and create charge oscillations, which would then radiate the light and the additional heat that could be observed. From this, the idea of a â€Å"black body† formed, an object that would absorb all radia tion that came in contact with it, but which also was the perfect emitter. The ideal black body was a heated oven with a small hole, which would release the radiation from inside.Based on the equipartition theorem, such an oven at thermal equilibrium would have an infinite amount of energy, and the radiation through the hole would show that of all frequencies at once. However, when the experiment was actually performed, this is not the result that occurred. As the oven heated, different frequencies of radiation were detected from the hole, one at a time, starting with infrared radiation, followed by red, then yellow light, and so on.This proved that high oscillators are not excited at low temperatures, and that equipartition was not accurate. This discovery led to Stefan’s Law, which said that the total energy per square unit of black body per unit time, the power, is proportional to the absolute temperature to the fourth power. It also led to Wien’s Displacement Law, stating that the wavelength distributions of thermal radiation of a black body at all temperatures have essentially the same shape, except that the graphs are displaced from each other.Later on, Planck characterized the light coming from a black body and derived an equation to predict the radiation at certain temperatures, as shown by the diagram below. For each given temperature, the peaks changed position, solidifying the idea that different temperatures excite different levels of the light spectrum. This was all under the assumption that radiation was released in quanta, now known as photons. All of these laws help modern physicists interpret radiation and make accurate estimations at the temperature of planets based on the radiation that comes from them.Einstein used the same quantization of electromagnetic radiation to show the photoelectric effect, which disproved the idea that more intense light would increase the kinetic energy of the electrons radiated from an object. Photo electric effect was originally the work of Heinrich Hertz, but was later taken on by Albert Einstein. Einstein determined that light was made up of packets of energy known as photons, which have no mass, but have momentum and energy given by the equation E=hf, h representing Planck’s constant and f representing the frequency of the light used.Photoelectric effect explains that if light is shone on a metal with high enough energy, electrons will be released from the metal. Due to the energy equation, light of certain low frequencies will not cause the emission of electrons, not matter how intense, while light of certain high frequencies will always emit electrons, even at a very low intensity. The amount of energy needed to release electrons from a metal plate is dependent upon the type of metal it is, and changes from case to case, as every type of metal has a certain work function, or an amount of energy needed to remove an electron from its surface.If the photons that hit t he metal plate have enough energy as the work function of the metal, the energy from the photon can transfer to an electron, which allows it to escape from the surface of the metal. Of course, the energy of the photon is dependent upon the frequency of the light. Einstein postulated that the kinetic energy of the electron once it has been freed from the surface can be written as E=hf-W, W being the work function of the material. Prior to Einstein’s work in photoelectric effect, Hertz discovered, mostly by accident, that ultraviolet light would knock electrons off of metal surfaces.However, according to the classical wave theory of light, intensity of light changed the amplitude, thus more intense light would make the kinetic energy of the electrons higher as they were emitted from the surface. His experiment showed that this was not the case, and that frequency affected the kinetic energy, while intensity determined the number of electrons that were released. By explaining th e photoelectric effect, scientists find that light is a particle, but it also acts as a wave. This help support particle-wave duality.In order to explain the behavior of light, you must consider its particle like qualities as well as its wave like qualities. This means that light exhibits particle-wave duality, as it can act as a wave and a particle. In fact, everything exhibits this kind of behavior, but it is most prominent in very small objects, such as electrons. Particle-wave duality is attributed to Louis de Broglie in about 1923. He argued that since light could display wave and particle like properties, matter could as well.After centuries of thinking that electrons were solid things with definite positions, de Broglie proved that they had wave like properties by running experiments much like Young’s double slit experiments, and showing the interference patterns that arose. This idea helped scientists realize that the wavelength of an object diminishes proportionally to the momentum of the object. Around the same time that de Broglie was explaining particle-wave duality, Arthur Compton described the Compton effect, or Compton scattering.This was another discovery which showed how light could not solely be looked at as a wave, further supporting de Broglie’s particle-wave duality. Compton scattering is a phenomenon that takes place when a high-energy photon collides with an electron, causing a reduced frequency in the photon, leading to a reduced energy. Compton derived the formula to describe this occurrence to be ? ‘-? =hCme1-cos? = ? c(1-cos? ), where ? ‘ is the resulting wavelength of the photon, ? is the initial wavelength of the photon, ? is the scattering angle between the photon and the electron, and ? c is the wavelength of a resting electron, which is 2. 26 ? 10-12 meters. Compton came about this by considering the conservation of momentum and energy. Although they have no mass, photons have momentum, which is defined by ? =Ec=hfc=h?. In order to conserve momentum, or to collide at all, light must be thought of as a particle in this case, instead of a wave. Quantum mechanics is not the only facet of modern physics, and it shares equal importance with relativity. Relativity is defined as the dependence of various physical phenomena on relative motion of the observer and the observed objects, especially in relation to light, space, time, and gravity.Relativity in modern physics is hugely attributed to the work of Albert Einstein, while classical relativity can be mainly attributed to Galileo Galilei. The quintessential example of Galilean relativity is that of the person on a ship. Once the ship has reached a constant velocity, and continues in a constant direction, if the person is in the hull of the ship and is not looking outside to see any motion, the person cannot feel the ship moving. Galileo’s relativity hypothesis states that any two observers moving at constant speed and direction with respect to one another will obtain the same results for all mechanical experiments.This idea led to the realization that velocity does not exist without a reference point. This idea of a frame of reference became very important to Einstein’s own theories of relativity. Einstein had two theories of relativity, special and general. He published special relativity in 1905, and general relativity in 1916. His Theory of Special Relativity was deceptively simple, as it mostly took Galilean relativity and reapplied it to include Maxwell’s magnetic and electric fields. Special relativity states that the Laws of Physics are the same in all inertial frames.An inertial frame is a frame in which Newton’s law of inertia applies and holds true, so that objects at rest stay at rest unless an outside force is applied, and that objects in motion stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. The theory of relativity deals with objects that are approaching the speed o f light, as it turns out that Newton’s laws begin to falter when the velocity gets too high. Special relativity only deals with the motion of objects within inertial frames, and is quite comparable to Galilean relativity, with the addition of a few new discoveries, such as magnetic and electric fields and the speed of light.The theory of general relativity is much more difficult to understand than special relativity due to the fact that it involves objects traveling close to the speed of light within non-inertial frames, or frames that do not meet the requirements given by Newton’s law of inertia. General relativity coincides with special relativity when gravity can be neglected. This involves the curvature of space and time, and the idea that time is not the definite that we have always assumed that it was. General relativity is a theory that describes the behavior of space and time, as well as gravity.In general relativity, space-time becomes curved at the presence o f matter, which means that particles moving with not external forces acting upon them can spiral and travel in a curve, which becomes conflicting with Newton’s laws. In classical physics, gravity is described as a force, and as an apple falls from a tree, gravity attracts it to the center of the Earth. This also explains the orbit of planets. However, in general relativity, a massive object, such as the sun, curves space-time and forces planets to revolve around it in the same way a bead would spiral down a funnel.This idea of general relativity and the curvature of space-time led scientists to realize what black holes were and how they can be possible. This also explains the bending of light around objects. Black holes have massive centers and are hugely dense. Each particle that it includes is also living in space-time however, and so the center must continue to move and become more and more dense from the motion of these particles. Black holes are so dense that they bend s pace-time to an enormous degree, so that there is no escapable route from them.General relativity also explains that the universe must be either contracting or expanding. If all the stars in the universe were at rest compared to one another, gravity would begin to pull them together. General relativity would show that the space as a whole would begin to shrink and the distances between the stars would do the same. The universe could also technically be expanding, however it could never be static. In 1929, Hubble discovered that all of the distant galaxies seemed to be moving away from us, which would support the explanation that our galaxy is expanding.The basis of general relativity is the dynamic movement of space and time, and the fact that these are not static measurements that they have always been assumed to be. However, a key issue is that there has been little success in combining quantum mechanics and Einsteinian relativity, other than in quantum electrodynamics. Quantum el ectrodynamics, QED, is a quantum theory that involves the interaction of charged particles and the electromagnetic field. The scientific community hugely agrees upon QED, and it successfully unites quantum mechanics with relativity.QED mathematically explains the relationships between light and matter, as well as charged particles with one another. In the 1920’s, Paul Dirac laid the foundations of QED by discovering the equation for the spin of electrons, incorporating both quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity. QED was further developed into the state that it is today in the 1940’s by Richard Feynman. QED rests on the assumption that charged particles interact by absorbing and emitting photons, which transmit electromagnetic forces. Photons cannot be seen or detected in anyway because their existence violates the conservation of energy and momentum.QED relies heavily on the Hamiltonian vector field and the use of differential equations and matrices. F eynman created the Feynman diagram used to depict QED, using a wavy line for photons, a straight line for the electron, and a junction of two straight lines and one wavy line to represent the absorption or emission of a photon, show below. QED helps define the probability of finding an electron at a certain position at a certain time, given its whereabouts at other positions and times. Since the possibilities of where and when the electron can emit or absorb a photon are infinite, this makes this a very difficult procedure.Compton scattering is very prevalent to QED due to its involvement in the scattering of electrons. Modern physics is a simple term used to cover a huge array of different discoveries made over the past two hundred years. While the two main facets of modern physics are quantum mechanics and relativity, there are an amazing number of subtopics and experiments that have brought about rapid change, giving the world new technologies and new capabilities. Thanks to scie ntists like Einstein, Hawking, Feynman, and many others, we have found, and will continue to find, amazing discoveries about our universe.Sources Anderson, Lauren. â€Å"Compton Scattering. †Ã‚  University of Washington Astronomy Department. 12 Nov. 2007. Web. 1 May 2012. . Andrei, Eva Y. â€Å"Photoelectric Effect. †Ã‚  Andrei Group. Web. 1 May 2012. . Boyer, Timothy H. â€Å"Thermodynamics of the Harmonic Oscillator: Wien's Displacement Law and the Planck Spectrum. †Ã‚  American Journal of Physics  71. 9 (2003): 866-870. Print. Branson, Jim. Wave Particle Duality- Through Experiments. 9 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 May 2012. .Broholm, Collin. â€Å"Equipartition Theorem. †Ã‚  General Physics for Bio-Science Majors. 1 Dec. 1997. Web. 1 May 2012. . Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne. General Relativity and The Einstein Equations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print. Einstein, Albert, et al. Relativity: The Special and General Theory. New York: Pi Press, 1920. Print. Einstein, Albert. The Meaning of Relativity. London: Routledge Classics, 1956. Print. Felder, Gary. â€Å"Bumps and Wiggles: An Introduction to General Relativity. † 2005. Web. 1 May 2012. . Feynman, Richard P. â€Å"Space-Time Approach to Quantum Electrodynamics. â€Å"Physical Review  76. 6 (1949): Print. Fitzpatrick, Richard. The Planck Radiation Law. 2 Feb. 2006. Web. 1 May 2012. . Fowler, Michael. Black Body Radiation. 7 Sept. 2008. Web. 1 May 2012. . Jones, Victor R. Heinrich Hertz's Wireless Experiment (1887). 18 May 2004. Web. 1 May 2012. . Page, L.. â€Å"Black Body Radiation. †Ã‚  Princeton University, Physics 311/312.Sept. 1995. Web. 1 May 2012. . Scatterly, John. â€Å"Stefan's Radiation Law. †Ã‚  Nature  157. 3996 (1946): 737. Print. Sevian, Hannah. Electrons, photons, and the photo-electric effect. 11 July 2000. Web. 1 May 2012. . Sherrill, David. The Photoelectric Effect. 15 Aug. 2008. Web. 1 May 2012. . Takeuchi, Tatsu. Special Relativity. 2005. Web. 1 May 2012. . Wudka, Jose. Galilean Relativity. 24 Sept. 1998. Web. 1 May 2012. .

A Hidden Disease essays

A Hidden Disease essays The daily routine my mother goes through may seem normal to someone who doesn't live with her day in and day out. She gets up in the morning, makes my dad coffee and breakfast and then watches the morning show on ABC. When my dad goes off to work, she begins her routines. My mom starts off jump-roping for an hour, then proceeds to weight-lifting for anorther hour. In the morning she exercises for about three hours. One might say,"Well good for her' I wish I had the time in my life to do that." Or "Wow, she is in really good shape." This would be true, but what they don't know is that my mother has a very serious disease known as Bulimia. To me is is very apparent. I'vew watched her routines for about three years now and it is only scaring me more and more everyday. It has scared me to the extent that I have had repetive nightmares about waking up and finding her dead. I've told my sister about this and she just blocks it out, not wanting to come to grips with what is really wrong with our mom. My mom has always been a very small person. She is 4'11 and most of her life has been about a size 3. She has always been a very attractive woman. The biggest size she ever wore was a 6. She is a confident woman and has always had a relatively high self-esteem. It was not until after her fourth child was born that her Bulimia became evident and apparent. It was and still is a gradual disease. At first, when we would question her not eating, she would tell us that she didn't want lunch because she had been snacking on things throughout the day. Nobody ever saw these snacks thought because my dad works and the kids were always in school, so there was no proof that she was really eating during the day we kind of ignored it. She no longer tells people about snacks, and if you ask her about food before 6pm she will tell you she just isn't hungry. My mom eats dinner. She eats on a smaller plate than everyone else a...

Detonation, Pre-Ignition, and Engine Knocking

Detonation, Pre-Ignition, and Engine Knocking Detonation - generally caused by fuel with a low octane rating - is the tendency for the fuel to pre-ignite or auto-ignite in an engines combustion chamber. This early (before the spark plug fires) ignition of fuel creates a shock wave throughout the cylinder as the burning and expanding fuel-air mixture collides with the piston that is still traveling towards top-dead-center. The resulting knock or ping is the sound of the pistons slamming against the cylinder walls. The effects of detonation may be anywhere from arbitrary to severe. Prolonged and intense knocking can break the piston or the engine, though it is can also endure this slight issue for thousands of miles. Similarly, overheating may cause additional wear-and-tear on the engine, be relatively harmless or cause the engine to catch on fire and break. Common Causes of  Detonation Detonation is most often caused by the use of low-grade engine fuel and its resulting deterioration of your engines parts. However, chamber design plays a key role in determining when and if an engine might detonate unexpectedly. The shape, size, spark location and geometry of the design all help determine where these detonations are likely to occur. An overheated spark plug tip can also cause pre-ignition. This may cause a pinging to occur in your vehicle when driving down a highway, but can actually be sustained in the engine for thousands of miles. If you hear a metallic clicking sound while driving long distances, you should consult your mechanic and see if your  spark plug needs to be replaced. Common Effects Detonation can cause three types of engine failure depending on source and severity: abrasion, mechanical damage and overheating. Mechanical damage happens because the heightened impact of nature can cause parts of the internal combustion engine to fracture. This can especially affect the top or second piston ring land or even the exhaust or intake valves. In  abrasion, the piston head is slowly eroded, creating a microscopic swiss-cheese effect on its surface resulting in less efficiency and eventual breakdown. Overheating, though, is a more serious issue which acts almost like a snowball effect once it starts. Caused by the boundary gas layer getting interrupted against the cylinder head and heat transferring to the coolant via the cylinder head, this overheating of the engine will continue to happen as temperatures increase causing more detonation.   Common Solutions Fortunately, there are a number of solutions to pre-ignition. The best solution is obviously to see your mechanic about the issue, but if you have experience in engine repair, you may also look to the following methods to reduce the chances of engine detonation. Switching to a higher octane fuel in order to reduce the heat of the firing chamber and burn fuel more slowly is the best way to combat false firing. Similarly, reducing engine inlet air temperatures will greatly reduce the chance of pre-ignition and detonation. As a principle, for every 10 degrees cooler the inlet air is, it produces one percent more power. Adjusting engine timing may also help solve this issue. If your engine is firing during throttle at low engine speeds, you may need to adjust the timing two to three degrees.

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Lab Report Example In order to test connectivity of the Internet connection, ping command is executed from the command prompt of the operating system. The syntax will be ping (space) (destination address), moreover, in order to review hops and delays in accessing the X stream server, the ‘tracert’ command can be executed from the command prompt. The syntax for this command will be tracert (space) (destination address). The ping command utilized Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) to check the connectivity of the destination by sending ICMP echo request on periodic basis. Moreover, the ‘tracert’ command demonstrates all the hops and delays that are in the way of that particular destination. Likewise, it is not necessary that only routers are involved in the process of establishing and exchanging information from the required host. The Ethernet is the first device that initiates and constructs a request datagram from the home computer, as it is considered to be the most pop ular Local Area Network technology that is implemented globally (Ethernet. 2007). The connectivity of the Ethernet adapter is established by both wired and wireless networks. However, in terms of wired connectivity, twisted pairs of cable are connected in to the Ethernet RJ45 socket. The other end of the wire is terminated to the router, switch or hub. In this scenario, home user will use a DSL router that will connect the home computer with the Internet Service Provider (ISP). Likewise, the Ethernet construct the datagram consisting of six parameters i.e. destination address, source address, preamble, type, CRC and data. The preamble parameter is responsible for clock synchronization of the data packets from the source and destination. Likewise, the addresses... This report approves that home Internet users do not have DNS configured. ISP is responsible to resolve the URL into IP addresses. In order to do so, the request from the home network will terminate on the ISP Network that will resolve the URL and sends the request to the relevant destination accordingly. After resolving the DNS for the URL, the router checks for the shortest and robust path for processing the quest with the help of routing protocol. Some popular routing protocols include Routing Information Protocol, Open Shortest Path First, Border Gateway Protocol. After identifying the most suitable path for the request, the connection to the X stream server will be established. Encapsulation of User datagram protocol, IP and Ethernet takes place before sending it to the router for resolving DNS query. This essay makes a conclusion that the first section covered mandatory requirements as well issues that occur on physical layer connectivity. Likewise, we have discussed the Ethernet packet header along with its purpose in details. The next discussion was about CSMA/CD, as the request needs space to fulfill the execution. Next we have discussed the ARP command along with the discussion of a MAC address packet. Moreover, in the next section we have discussed the network layer connectivity and router functionality. We have also put some light on routing protocols and their functions. Furthermore, in the last section, DNS query construction is discusses along with socket connections by incorporating HTTP, TCP/IP, UDP and ARP for opening the X stream web page on the home user browser.

Mummers Parade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mummers Parade - Essay Example Historians believe that Mummers Parade is the only tradition that has lasted for a long time running fork festival in the United States. The parade usually consists of thousands of performers who spend months developing and rehearsing so that it will be enjoyable. They build costumes and scenery and make the parade to be perfect preparing for entire day moving their way up Broad Street where day drinking marks the event. For those who do not go for the parade choose to keep drinking the whole night and in the morning while others use the New Year Eve to move to other countries for leisure. People usually come to the parade by train, bike and others on foot carrying glasses and thermoses of beer so that they can wear their costumes which will depict foreign cultures. Some people who do not like to be associated with racism do not let their children to go to the parade since they say that the parade is a racist tradition that is usually carried from one generation to the next despite t he parade being banned. The participant of the parade dress like a person or a thing that they are not, where they colour themselves and others depicts creatures which are colourful though they are white men they present simplistic cartoons which depicts foreign people and their culture showing that the parade is usually prepared to mark racist agendas in each and every year. During the 18th and 19th century   the slaves who were transported to United States and later employed in the plantation used to play instruments in the plantations.

To compare the quality of health care in U.K and Saudi Arabia Essay

To compare the quality of health care in U.K and Saudi Arabia - Essay Example is that it has to ensure that EU citizens obtain equal treatment in a host State. Thus while in case of U.K., one must both refer to the guidelines of WHO as well as E.U., Saudi Arabia needs to follow the guidelines of WHO only. In some countries health care for their respective citizens are regulated statutorily and some others it is only voluntary. Thus before going into the prevailing conditions in U.K. and Saudi Arabia, guidelines of the WHO and the E.U. must be examined. Standards of quality of general health care must be seen before going into the disease-specific health care quality standards. Some definitions relating to quality of health care need to be mentioned. They represent performance indicators or are used to describe performance measurement of health care industry. Rather than quality indicators, financial indicators have only played so far crucial role to describe performance. Financial indicators such as length of stay, average cost per discharge are no longer sufficient to understand quality of health care delivery of an organisation. In fact, Florence Nightingale set the tone for tracking healthcare outcomes. Later Earnest A. Codman, a surgeon from Boston, in early 1900s opined that physicians instead of just measuring what they did, should track results of their performance over a period. His thinking was ahead of his time and he called it the â€Å"end-result idea† saying that there should be some feedback system on what happened to the patients one year after receiving their treatment, though it was not welcomed by the profession and his colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital criticised him for his outlandish idea.1 In his two volume classic Explorations in Quality Assessment and Monitoring (1980,1982), Donabedian, another physician proposed three key issues in the health care delivery. They are Structures, Processes and Outcomes. Structures are the tools, resources and organisational components. Processes are

Marketing aspect Essay Example for Free

Marketing aspect Essay The management of Head’s Up is moderately efficient. They have accommodating and friendly personnel who provides the needs of their customers wherein they will ask what services they want to avail and instantly accommodate them. They have well equipped facilities and modern equipment that pave the way for more efficient ways of providing services for the customer’s convenience. E. SUPPLIERS The business supplier is from Luzon specifically Manila where they are exclusively supplying the treatments and medicines as well as other needs that they have to Head’s Up. Atty. Raymond said that they paid high to their supplier for exclusively purposes wherein they have a stall for the products that the supplier has at Ever Mall building 2nd floor. F. MARKETING MIX Place One of the most important aspects to consider for a business is its location. Wherein there are number of factors that need to be considered these are the customer needs and the employee needs such as customer convenience, parking, and accessibility. Head’s Up is located at 21 Silliman Avenue, Dumaguete City. Head’s Up location is considered as a strategic location knowing the fact that it is near to its target market which are the young professional, students, the foreigners and the walk-ins. Service Head’s Up being in a beauty industry offer the utmost service to the customers for it is the reason for its existence to give customer a great service and convenience that would give its customers a reason to come back. Promotion Promotion of a business establishment is important for it helps in positioning its image to its target market. Advertisement of an establishment is one way to garner publicity; Heads Up was launch in Metro Post newspaper and was later introduced in Negros Chronicles News and tied-up Radio station here in the City. Other than that Atty. Raymond told us that nothing more is effective to the word of mouth to its customers. Price The rates of their services are based on the price of the treatments and other medicines they use and also the services are priced in such a way that they compare themselves to the rates of their competitors. Head’s Up also offer 10% off to all services to its VIP cardholders and they also have happy hours to their SPA services specifically the Full Body Massage from 2pm-6pm wherein the price differ from its regular rate. Since one of their target markets are the students they also offer a student price range which is cheaper than the regular price. While in barbershop services they have this â€Å"Blowout† day every Tuesday wherein they price their haircut service half to its existing price. The following are the services and their corresponding rates of Head’s Up Barbershop, Salon and Spa. G. COMPETITOR’S ANALYSIS Competitive analysis plays a vital component in every business which made the owner aware the competition happening between its competitors. The following are one of the competitors of Heads Up Barbershop, Salon and Spa: Carlo Reyes Beauty Salon located at Perdices Street, Dumaguete City Cuttin’ Loose Hair Nail Studio located at Portal West Bldg. Silliman Avenue, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental. Art Box located at Sta. Rosa Street, Dumaguete City. David Salon located in front of Spanish Heritage San Jan Street, Dumaguete City Jade Spa Massage located at San Jose Street, Dumaguete City Grand Royal Spa located 2nd floor RM Building, North National Highway, Bantayan, Dumaguete City. These are the establishments which are considered the most competitive in the Beauty Industry and Spa industry wherein these businesses have already establish a name towards to their respective services.

Why Am I Doing this Writing Assignment? :: Writing Assignment

"Everyone has his own specific vocation or mission in life; everyone must carry out a concrete assignment that demands fulfillment. Therein he cannot be replaced, nor can his life be repeated, thus, everyone's task is unique as his specific opportunity." -Viktor Frankl Done because I was told to do so, I think not. All assignments are done by people like me who care where they will be ten, twenty, even thirty years from now. Assignments are designed to further ones knowledge about a specific subject, and this one is pushing me to do better. This assignment is being done for three reasons: to pass the class so I will eventually graduate, when a job comes I will be prepared for writing and so I can write and speak better. First, and most importantly, I am taking this class so I can eventually graduate with the degree of my choice. You see, if I get a good grade on this, I will have a good grade in the class, which means I will be more likely to graduate. I am required to take 8-11 hours of college writing for a degree in engineering, which I will eventually finish at Walla Walla College. This essay is being done because when I look at the alternative, taking over the family business (carpentry), I don’t like it. Therefore I need to do this assignment, along with many others to complete my degree. Secondly, when it comes time to get a job I will have the necessary knowledge to complete my required writing assignments. As an engineer I will need to know how to write for many aspects of the job, such as typing a memo or writing a manuscript. I will have to show my skills in my resume in order to apply for the job. Also I will be able to type my presentation before I give it at the office. People in charge of hiring can tell how well educated the prospective employee is by the way they speak and write. Lastly, I will write and speak as though I was educated. I believe educated people speak differently, this assignment is actually serving a dual purpose, it’s getting me a grade in the class (whether it be good or bad) and helping me to write better. Id like to be the kind of person that can type an essay such as this in less than half an hour, but for now I will spend hours thinking about what to type.

The American Education System; Cause For Rebellion :: essays research papers fc

The American Education System; Cause for Rebellion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If America's Schools are to meet the needs of the twenty first century, they must be reinvented. It is not enough to try to fix the schools; they must be reconstructed in both fundamental and radical ways. The school system must be restructured. The future of the American public school system is significant because the maintenance of an informed and productive citizenry is vital to the future of this country. Historically Americans have strongly asserted the importance of public schools in a democracy and despite growing disdain for the perceived value of the school system, public schools remain central to democracy in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For more than a century, America's public schools have been an indispensable source of the country's strength. Public education has allowed citizens to become productive members of society by providing them with the skills and knowledge necessary for the labor force. Schools prepare students to be literate, informed and reasoning citizens. According to Philip Schlechty, author of Schools for the twenty-first century, â€Å"Public schools are the ties that bind this pluralistic society into a nation. Our Nation's thirty-sixth president, Lyndon B. Johnson, also believed that there is no institution more fundamental to American society and democracy than its public schools.†(36)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public schools are the cornerstone of America's future. The development of youth's knowledge, skills and social dispositions has always been critical to the country's success. In the next century, America's youth will play an increasingly important role in the country's survival and well-being. By the year 2025, one out of five Americans will be 65 or older, and by the year 2040, one out of four Americans will be 65. In less than 15 years, the first baby boomers will reach the age of 65 (Peterson 64). It is clear that the economic success of America will be in the hands of youth to unprecedented extent. It is time to invest in education in order to maintain the American way of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the competitive knowledge-based world of the twenty-first century, the education of America's youth will be more important than ever. More responsibility will be placed on schools because of greater diversity in classrooms, languages, preparedness, motivation, and the dynamics of the future workplace. Schools also must assume more responsibility because of increasing enrollment. Entering the 1996-1997 school year, there is an all time high enrollment of 51.7 million students in public schools throughout the country (Good 6). Because of enhanced enrollment and technological advances, there is more material that needs to be taught if students are to be competitive and productive in the future job market.

Providing Feedback and Monitoring Student Progress Essay

Teacher feedback is the essential and probably the critical element of student learning. We frequently refer to teacher feedback as the effective instrument of instructional change. However, why do we always forget that teacher feedback is integrally linked to student motivation? In reality, teacher feedback is an effective tool that drives student motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may substantially improve when teachers do not simply score and grade students, but provide students with objective feedback and inform them about the progress they make during the learning process. At this point, it is important to look at teacher feedback through a different prism: we will distance ourselves from the traditional instructional paradigm, but will use the â€Å"learning paradigm, when after gathering information on the students’ learning process, the teacher reflects and gives his (her) views on what he (she) has observed back to the students† (Kwong, 2001). From the viewpoint of extrinsic motivation, teacher feedback serves an effective external factor that motivates students to learn. From the viewpoint of intrinsic motivation, the inner student desire to learn is increased when student needs are recognized, evaluated, and satisfied through teacher feedback. At least three different types of teacher feedback can be used to enhance student motivation in learning; these include informative feedback, grades, and task involvement. The concept of task involvement id described as â€Å"the concern to develop or demonstrate (primarily to oneself) high ability. It follows that when we are task-involved, we will attempt to learn if we see an opportunity to do so and, when doing so, will feel we are doing what we want to do† (Salili & Maehr, 1986). Task-involvement implies active and constant interaction between the teacher and student, where students feel responsibility for the learning outcomes, and where this responsibility increases student intrinsic motivation. If properly utilized, grades may also turn into effective force driving student motivation. Very often, grading is referred to as the instrument that negatively impacts students’ desire to learn (Salili & Maehr, 1986); that is why grading should be combined with informative teacher feedback. It is important that teachers do not use grades as a reward, but rather promote grades as the instrument reflecting student progress. Informative feedback may also be used separately, to inform students about their learning achievements, to inform students about additional learning opportunities and incentives, and to guarantee that students are able to use these opportunities and incentives to improve their achievements in learning. The concept of teacher feedback should be re-considered through a new â€Å"non-instructional prism†. The time has come to realize that objective teacher feedback combined with recognition and respect to students is a cost-effective factor driving student motivation at all stages of the learning process. Teacher feedback should be positive and objective. Teacher feedback should form the basis of continuous strategy, where students and teachers interact on equal terms, and all students have equal chances to succeed in learning.

Theories of Patriarchy essays

Theories of Patriarchy essays Assess the claim that gender inequalities in the domestic and occupational divisions of labour are best understood with reference to the concept of patriarchy. You should illustrate your answer with reference to a range of feminist perspectives. Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the womens subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the womens movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities - in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the contradiction between this principle of equality and the demonstrable inequalities between the sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to move beyond the irrepressible evidence for gender inequality and the division of labour. Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Although ... patriarchy is arguably the oldest example of a forced or exploitative division of social activities and clearly existed before it was ever examined by sociologis...